“Xtoles” layers simple rhythmic and melodic motives to create a rich texture. Each section’s tasks are consistent, and the divided entrances are expertly prepared. With a harmonic and melodic vocabulary almost entirely pentatonic, this is an excellent piece for groups to explore indigenous Mexican music and non-traditional vocal techniques.

Composer’s Notes

There is a difference among musicologists about when Los Xtoles was created. Some of them say that it is the oldest Mayan song known and was chanted by warriors in praise of the Mayan Sun God, while others say that it is a piece from the late 19th century. In any case, this is a wonderful Mayan folksong based on a pentatonic melody. Since most popular songs were learned by heart, and passed from generation to generation, there are at least two versions of the same song and this arrangement integrates both melodies in two specific environments. The introduction is “the call,” an imitation of a caracol (conch shell), and the idea is to recreate and mix the pre-Hispanic instruments, including: ocarina (flute made of mud), maraca (shaker), quijada de burro (donkey jaws), tambores (drums) and the tunkul, a hollow log with two tongue-like grooves carved out and played with a stick.

– Jorge Cózatl